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Influence of the 61 S 0–63 P 1 resonance on continuous Lyman-α generation in mercury
Sat, 2013-05-18 02:00 — GuestAbstract
Continuous coherent radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet at 122 nm (Lyman-α) can be generated using sum-frequency mixing of three fundamental laser beams in mercury vapor. One of the fundamental beams is at 254 nm wavelength, which is close to the 61
S
0–63
P
1 resonance in mercury. Experiments have been performed to investigate the effect of this one-photon resonance on phase-matching, absorption and the nonlinear yield. The efficiency of continuous Lyman-α generation has been improved by a factor of 4.5.
Nd:YAG laser ablation characteristics of thin CIGS solar cell films
Sat, 2013-05-18 02:00 — GuestAbstract
This work reports that the ablation characteristics of thin CuIn1−x
Ga
x
Se2 (CIGS) solar cell film differ significantly with elemental composition and laser pulse energy. From in situ shadowgraphs measured during Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm) irradiation of CIGS films and crater morphologies, it was found that strong surface evaporation is dominant for low Ga concentration films of which band gap is well below the photon energy. As the band gap of CIGS film becomes close to or over the laser photon energy due to increased Ga content, surface absorption diminishes and at low laser energy, laser heating of the film plays an important role. It is demonstrated that for the CIGS films with Ga/(Ga + In) ratio being approximately over 0.2, the laser irradiation leads to solid phase removal of the film due to thermomechanical fracture at low laser energy but to ablative evaporation at elevated energy.
Soot sublimation studies in a premixed flat flame using laser-induced incandescence (LII) and elastic light scattering (ELS)
Sat, 2013-05-18 02:00 — GuestAbstract
Laser-induced incandescence (LII) as a diagnostic technique is based on rapid heating of soot particles to temperatures of several thousand Kelvin and subsequent detection of the thermal radiation from the laser-heated particles. At such high temperatures, soot sublimation effects must be considered when estimating uncertainties in LII measurements. In this work we have investigated the use of various laser fluences in LII using a Nd:YAG laser at 1,064 nm. Using another Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm, the elastic light scattering (ELS) signal from soot particles heated by the 1,064-nm laser was monitored. This approach makes it possible to determine at which fluence of the LII laser soot sublimation starts to become visible as a decrease in the ELS signal. By performing the measurements at various heights in a premixed sooting flat ethylene/air flame, the fluence threshold above which the ELS signal decreased was found to be higher at the lower flame heights corresponding to younger, smaller and less aggregated particles.
The concept of 2D gated imaging for particle sizing in a laminar diffusion flame
Sat, 2013-05-18 02:00 — GuestAbstract
In this work, time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (TiRe LII) has been employed to measure primary particle diameters of soot in an atmospheric laminar ethylene diffusion flame. The generated data set complements existing data determined in one single location and takes advantage of the good spatial resolution of the ICCD detection. Time resolution is achieved by shifting the camera gate along the LII decay. One key input parameter for the analysis of time-resolved LII is the local flame temperature. This was determined on a grid throughout the flame by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. The accurate temperature data, in combination with other published data from this flame, are well suited for soot model validation purposes while we showed feasibility of a shifted gate approach to deduce 2D particle sizes in the chosen standard flame.
Dual-wavelength diode-pumped laser operation of N p-cut and N g-cut Tm:KLu(WO4)2 crystals
Fri, 2013-05-17 02:00 — GuestAbstract
Simultaneous continuous-wave laser oscillation at two wavelengths has been observed and studied in a diode-pumped monoclinic N
p-cut Tm:KLu(WO4)2 for different transmission of the output coupler. The maximum output power reached 1.15 W with a slope efficiency of 20.4 % with respect to the absorbed power for polarization parallel to the N
m optical axis. In an analogous N
g-cut crystal, the dual-wavelength laser operation is accompanied by polarization switching with increasing pump power and the switching point depends on the output coupling.
Electrical properties of Sb-doped epitaxial SnO2 thin films prepared using excimer-laser-assisted metal–organic deposition
Fri, 2013-05-17 02:00 — GuestAbstract
Excimer-laser-assisted metal–organic deposition (ELAMOD) was used to prepare Sb-doped epitaxial (001) SnO2 thin films on (001) TiO2 substrates at room temperature. The effects of laser fluence, the number of shots with the laser, and Sb content on the electrical properties such as resistivity, carrier concentration, and carrier mobility of the films were investigated. The resistivity of the Sb-doped epitaxial (001) SnO2 thin film prepared using an ArF laser was lower than that of the film prepared using a KrF laser. The van der Pauw method was used to measure the resistivity, carrier concentration, and carrier mobility of the Sb-doped epitaxial (001) SnO2 thin films in order to determine the effect of Sb content on the electrical resistivity of the films. The lowest resistivity obtained for the Sb-doped epitaxial (001) SnO2 thin films prepared using ELAMOD with the ArF laser and 2 % Sb content was 2.5 × 10−3 Ω cm.
Remote sensing of atmospheric gases with optical correlation spectroscopy and lidar: first experimental results on water vapor profile measurements
Fri, 2013-05-17 02:00 — GuestAbstract
In this paper, the first experimental demonstration of the optical correlation spectroscopy lidar (OCS-lidar) is proposed. It is a new active remote sensing methodology to measure range-resolved atmospheric gas concentrations, based on broadband laser spectroscopy and light amplitude modulation. As a first step, a numerical study is performed for OCS-lidar measurements to optimize the accuracy of the range-resolved gas concentration measurement. Then, we demonstrate the ability of the OCS-lidar methodology to monitor the water vapor in the planetary boundary layer using the 4ν 720-nm absorption band. In addition to this first experimental proof, two different experimental configurations are proposed. The amplitude modulation, related to the optical correlation spectroscopy, is operated either at the emission with an active amplitude modulator before the backscattering process, or with passive optical filters on the laser backscattered light. For both configurations, range-resolved gas concentration measurements, achieved with a micro-pulse ground-based OCS-lidar, are presented.
Optical properties of Yb3+ ions in fluorophosphate glasses for 1.0 μm solid-state infrared lasers
Fri, 2013-05-17 02:00 — GuestAbstract
Yb3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses were prepared by melt-quenching technique and characterized their spectroscopic properties to assess the laser performance parameters. The magnitude of absorption (emission) cross-sections at 975 nm for all the studied Yb3+-doped glasses is found to be in the range of 0.29–1.50 × 10−20 (0.59–1.99 × 10−20 cm2) which is much higher than those of commercial Kigre QX/Yb: 1.06 × 10−20 (0.5 × 10−20 cm2) laser glass. The luminescence lifetimes of 2F5/2 level decrease (1.15–0.45 ms) with increase in Yb2O3 concentration (0.1–4.0 mol%). Effect of OH− content on luminescence properties of Yb3+ ions has also been investigated.
Sol–gel concave micro-lens arrays fabricated by combining the replicated PDMS soft mold with UV-cured imprint process
Fri, 2013-05-17 02:00 — GuestAbstract
Photosensitive TiO2/organically modified silane organic–inorganic hybrid thin films were synthesized by combining a low-temperature sol–gel process with a spin-coating method. Optical transmittance properties and the photochemical activities of the planar hybrid films were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Advantages for fabrication of the concave micro-lens arrays (MLAs) based on the photosensitive hybrid films were demonstrated by using the replicated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft mold as the imprint mold and a UV soft imprint technique. Morphological and surface profile properties of the master, the PDMS soft molds and the as-fabricated sol–gel concave MLAs were observed by scanning electron microscopy and laser confocal scanning microscopy. Contact angles of water on the PDMS soft molds baked at different temperatures were studied. Optical imaging properties of the as-fabricated concave MLAs were confirmed by a self-made optical test system.
Off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy with LEDs
Thu, 2013-05-16 02:00 — GuestAbstract
A photoacoustic ozone sensor based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy is presented. Instead of a laser, a UV-LED at 285 nm is utilized as light source. Using an acoustical resonator in off-beam configuration, it is feasible to align the light of the LED through the resonator tube. The sensor is integrated in a miniaturized flow-through gas cell which allows fast gas exchange. The sensor performance and the influence of the speed of sound on the measurement signal are investigated. For the detection of ozone in the Hartley band, a detection limit of S = 1.27 ± 0.08 ppmv (1σ) and a noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of D = (3.02 × 10−8 ± 1 × 10−10) cm−1W(Hz)−1/2 have been achieved.
